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IEEE History Center: Bibliography

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The cumulative bibliography is still under construction!

Computer History Bibliography

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  • Abbate, Janet, "The Electrical Century: Inventing the Web," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no. 11, Nov. 1999, pp. 1999-2002.
  • Abbate, Janet, "The Electrical Century: Getting small--a short history of the personal comp," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, Sept. 1999, pp. 1695-1698.
  • Abbate, Janet, From ARPANET to Internet: A History of ARPA-Sponsored Computer Networks, 1968-1988, unpublished dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1994.
  • Adler, Rodney P., "Mr. Babbage's Calculating Engine," Machine Design, vol. 30, 1958, pp. 124-129. Anchordoguy, Marie, Computers Inc.: Japan's Challenge to IBM (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989).
  • Anderson, Leland I., Nikola Tesla: Guided Weapons & Computer Technology (Twenty First Century Books, 1998)
  • Anon, "IBM Computers: The Story of Their Development," Data Processing, vol. 2, 1960, pp. 90-101.
  • Anon, "The MANIAC: A Great Big Toy," Datamat, August 1978, p. 80.
  • Anschutz, Thomas A., "A Historical Perspective of CSTA [Computer-supported telecommunications applications]," IEEE Communications Magazine, 34, no. 2, April 1996, pp. 30-35.
  • Aspray, William, John von Neumann and the Origins of Modern Computing (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990).
  • Aspray, William, "The History of Computing Within the History of Information Technology," History and Technology, 11 (1994), pp. 7-19.
  • Aspray, William, "Computing in Science and Engineering Education: The Programs of the National Science Foundation," ?Electro/93 (Edison, NJ, 1993. Los Angeles, CA: Electronic Conventions Management, 1993), pp. 234-239.
  • Aspray, William and Bernard O. Williams, "Arming American Scientists: NSF and the Provision of Scientific Computing Facilities for Universities, 1950-1973," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 4, 1994, pp. 60-74.
  • Aspray, William, ed., Computing Before Computers.
  • Aspray, William, "The Intel 4004 microprocessor: what constituted invention?", Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 3, 1997, pp. 4-15.
  • Augarten, Stan, Bit by Bit: An Illustrated History of Computers (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1984).

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  • Barnes, Susan B., "Douglas Carl Engelbart: Developing the underlying concepts for computing," Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 3, 1997, pp. 16-26.
  • Barnhill, Robert E., "History of Computer Graphics: Personal Recollections," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no. 2, 1998, pp. 35-36.
  • Barsky, Brian A., "Computer Graphics: A Personal History," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no. 2, 1998, pp. 36-37.
  • Bennett, J. M., Computing in Australia: The Development of a Profession (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1994).
  • Berkeley, Edmund C., Giant Brains or Machines that Think (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1949).
  • Berners-Lee, Tim, Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web (San Francisco: Harper, year?).
  • Bernstein, Jeremy, The Analytic Engine: Computers-Past, Present, and Future (New York: Random House, 1963).
  • Bertho, Catherine, Telegraphes et Telephones: de Valmy au microprocesseur.
  • Betker, Michael R., John S. Fernando, and Shaun P. Whalen, "History of the Microprocessor," Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, Autumn 1997, pp. 29-56.
  • Bird, Peter, Leo: The First Business Computer (Wokingham, Britain: Hasler, 1994).
  • Borst, Arno, The ordering of Time: From the Ancient Computus to the Modern Computer (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993).
  • Bowles, Mark D., "U.S. Technological Enthusiasm and British Technological Skepticism in the Age of the Analog Brain," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 4, October-December 1996, pp. 5-15.
  • Brainerd, A. W. and T. K. Sharpless, "The ENIAC," Proceedings of the IEEE, June 1999: pp. 1031-1041.
  • Brainerd, John Grist, "Genesis of the ENIAC," Technology Culture, pp. 482-88, 1976.
  • Brittain, James E., ed., Turning Points in American Electrical History (New York: IEEE Press, 1977).
  • Brown, Louis C., "Flyable TRDIC: The first airborne transistorized digital computer," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 21, no. 4. pp. 55-61.
  • Buck, George H. and Stephen M. Hunka, "W. Stanley Jevons, Allan Marquand, and the origins of digital computing," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 21, no 4. pp. 21-27.
  • Burks, A. W. and E. S. Davidson, "Introduction to 'The ENIAC'," Proceedings of the IEEE, June 1999: pp. 1028-1030.

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  • Caminer, David, et. al., User-Driven Innovation: The World's First Business Computer (New York: McGraw-Hill), 1996.
  • Campbell-Kelly, Martin, "Charles Babbage and the Assurance of Lives," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 3, September 1994, pp. 5-15.
  • Campbell-Kelly, Martin and William Aspray, Computer: A History of the Information Machine (Basic Books).
  • Campbell-Kelly, Martin and William Aspray, Computer: A History of the Information Machine (New York: Basic Books, 1996).
  • Carpenter, B. E. and Doran, R. W., "The Other Turing Machine," Comp. Journal, 1977, pp. 269-279.
  • Ceruzzi, Paul, A History of Modern Computing (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1998), pp. 408.
  • Ceruzzi, Paul, "From Scientific Instrument to Everyday Appliance: The Emergence of Personal Computers, 1970-1977," History and Technology, vol. 13, no. 1, 1996, pp. 1-32.
  • Ceruzzi, Paul E., A History of Modern Computing (Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1999).
  • Chapuis, Robert and Amos E. Joel, Jr., Electronics, Computers and Telephone Switching: A book of technological history as Volume 2: 1960-1985 of "100 Years of Telephone Switching", (Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company, 1990).
  • Christensen, Clayton M., "The Rigid Disk Drive Industry: A History of Commercial and Technological Turbule," Business History Review, vol. 67, 1993, pp. 531-588.
  • Churchhouse, R. F., "Experience With Some Early Computers," Computing & Control Engineering Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, April 1993, pp. 63-67.
  • Ciociola, Kathleen M., Development of NJ Educational Computer Network (New Brunswick, NJ. May 1977).
  • Clemens, James T., "Silicon Microelectronics Technology," Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, Autumn 1997, pp. 76-102.
  • Clough, Bryan//Mungo, Paul, Approaching Zero: Data Crime and the Computer Underworld (London: Faber and Faber, 1992).
  • Cohen, I. Bernard, Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999).
  • Cohen, I. Bernard, Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer(Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1999).
  • Cohen, I. Bernard, "Father of the Computer Age," American Heritage of Invention & Technology, vol. 14, no. 4, Spring 1999, pp. 56-63.
  • Cohen, I. Bernard, "Howard Aiken on the Number of Computers Needed for the Nation," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no. 3, July-September 1998, pp. 27-32.
  • Cohen, I. Bernard and Gregory W. Welch, Makin' Numbers: Howard Aiken and the Computer (Cambridge, MA. The MIT Press, 1999).
  • Collins, Harry and Martin Kusch, The Shape of Actions: What Humans and Machines Can Do (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1998), pp 240.
  • Computer: 50 Years of Computing [a special issue] , Computer, vol. 29, no. 10, October 1996.
  • Cortada, James W., "Economic preconditions that made possible application of commercial computing in the United States," Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no 3, 1997, pp. 27-40.
  • Cortada, James W., A Bibliographic Guide to the History of Computer Applications, 1950-1990 (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996).
  • Cortada, James W., Second Bibliographic Guide to the History of Computing, Computers, and the Information Processing Industry (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996).
  • Cortada, James W., "Commercial Applications of the Digital Computer in American Corporations," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 2, summer 1996, pp. 18-29.
  • Cortada, James W., The Computer in the United States: From Laboratory to Market, 1930 to 1960 (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993).

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  • De Diego, Emilia, Historia de la Industria en Espa?a la Electr?nica y la Inform?tica (Madrid: Escuela de Organizaci?n Industrial, Editorial Actas, 1995).
  • Deane, John, The University of Manchester's BABY - the First Modern Computer (Australian Computer Museum, 1999).
  • Desmonde, William H. and Klaus J. Berkling, "The Zuse 3: German Predecessor of the Mark I," Datamat, September 1966, pp. 30-31.
  • Dettmer, Roger, "In Barron's Court (an interview with Iann Barron)," IEE review, March 1996
  • Diamond, Edwin and Stephen Bates, "The Ancient History of the Internet," Wonders of Modern Technology (New York: American Heritage of Invention and Technology, 1997), pp. 12-19.

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  • Eckert, Prosper John, "Thoughts on the History of Computing," Computer, December 1976, pp. 59-65.
  • Edwards, Paul, The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996).
  • Eklund, Jon, "The Reservisor Automated Airline Reservation System: Combining Communications and Computing," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 1, March 1994, pp. 62-69.
  • Elzen, Boelie, and Donald Mackenzie, "The Social Limits of Speed: The Development and Use of Supercomputers," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 1, March 1994, pp. 46-61.

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  • Fano, Robert M., "On the social role of computer communications," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no. 12, Dec. 1999, pp. 2130-2135.
  • Flynn, Michael J., "Computer engineering 30 years after the IBM Model 91," Computer, April 1998, pp. 27-31.
  • Forester, Tom, Silicon Samurai: How Japan Conquered the World's IT Industry (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993).
  • Freed, Les, The History of Computers (Emeryville, CA: Ziff-Davis Press, 1995).

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  • Gandy, Anthony, "The Entry of Established Electronics Companies into the Early Computer Industry in the UK and USA," Business and Economic History, vol. 23, No. 1, Fall 1994, pp. 16-21.
  • Gardner, David W., "Will the Inventor of the First Digital Computer Please Stand Up," Datamat, February 1974, pp. 84-90.
  • Garfinkel, Simson L., and Hal Abelson, Architects of the Information society (MIT Press: 1999).
  • Gass, Saul I., "Project Mercury's man-in-space real-time computer system: 'you have a go, at least seven orbits.", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 21, no. 4. pp. 37-48.
  • Gegax, T. Trent, "The Silicon Chip," Newsweek Special Issue, Winter 97-98, pp. 29-30.
  • Glass, Robert, In The Beginning: Recollections of Software Pioneers (New York: IEEE Press, 1998).
  • Goldberg, Adele, ed., A History of Personal Workstations (New York: ACM Press, 1988).
  • Goldstine, Herman H., "Computers at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School, 1943-1946," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 136, no. 1, 1992, pp. 73-78.
  • Gray, George and Ron Smith, "Sperry Rand's Transistor Computers," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no. 3, July-September 1998, pp. 16-26.
  • Greenberg, Keith Elliot, Steven Jobs, and Stephen Wozniak: Creating the Apple Computer (Woodbridge, CT: Blackbirch Press, 1994).
  • Greenia, Mark, History of Computing (Lexicon Services Publishing: Computer Disk for PC compatible systems, 1995 [latest release]).
  • Grier, David Alan, "The Mina Tables Project of Work Projects Administration," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no 3, 1998, pp. 33-50.
  • Grier, David Alan, "Gertrude Blanch of the Mathematical Tables Project," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 4, 1997, pp. 18-27.
  • Grossman, Wendy, Remembering the Future: Interviews from Personal Computer World (New York: Springer Verlag, 1997).
  • G?rer, Denise, "Women's Contributions to Early Computing at the National Bureau of Standards, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 3, Fall 1996, pp. 29-35.

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  • Hall, Eldon, Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer (Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996).
  • Hall, Eldon, An Autobiography of the Apollo Guidance System Computer (unpublished).
  • Hall, Eldon C., Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer (American Institute of Aeronautics, 1996).
  • Hall, Stephen S., Mapping the Next Millenium: The Discovery of New Geographies (1992).
  • Hamilton, Ross, "Despite Best Intentions: The Evolution of the British Minicomputer Industry," Business History, vol. 38, no. 2, 1995, pp. 81-104.
  • Harris, James R., "The earliest solid-state digital computers," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 21, no. 4. pp. 49-54.
  • Harris, James R., "The earliest solid-state digital computers," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.
  • Hartree, D.R., "Automatic Calculating Machines," Mathamatics Gazette, Issue 34, 1950, pp. 241-52.
  • Hauben, Michael and Rhonda Hauben, On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997), pp. 345.
  • Hayes, Brian, "The Discovery of Debugging," The Sciences, vol. 33, no. 4, July 1993, pp. 10-13.
  • Henderson, Kathryn, On Line and On Paper: Visual Representation, Visual Culture, and Computer Graphics in Design Engineering (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, pp. 256).
  • Heppenheimer, T.A., "The Antique Machines Your Life Depends on [Air Traffic Control Computers]," American Heritage of Invention and Technology, vol. 13, no. 1, Summer 1997, pp. 42-51.
  • Hobart, Michael E. and Zachary S. Schiffman, Information Age: Literacy, Numeracy, and the Computer Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 301).
  • Holzmann, Gerard J., Pehrson, Bj?rn, The Early History of Data Networks (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1994).

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  • Iansiti, Marco, "Science-Based Product Development: An Empirical Study of the Mainframe Computer Industry," Production and Operations Management, vol. 4, no. 4, Fall 1995, pp. 335-359.
  • Johnson, Robert R., User-Centered Technology: A Rherorical Theory for Computers and Other Mundane Artifacts (New York: State University of New York Press).
  • Jortberg, Charles A., The First Computers (Minneapolis: Abdo and Daughters, 1997).
  • Kaiserfeld, Thomas, "Computerizing the Swedish Welfare State: The Middle Way of Technological Success and Failure," Technology and Culture, vol. 37, no 2, April 1996, pp. 249-279.
  • Kaplan, Bonnie, "The Computer Perscription: Medical Computing, Public Policy, and Views of History," Science, Technology, and Human Values, vol. 20, 1995, pp. 5-38
  • Kaplan, Jerry, Startup: A Silicon Valley Adenture (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995).
  • Kidwell, P.A., and Paul Ceruzzi, Landmarks in Digital Computing: A Smithsonian Pictorial History (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994).
  • Kim, Eugene E. and Betty A. Toole, "Ada and the First Computer," Scientific American (New York), May 1999, vol. 280, no. 5, pp. 76-81.
  • King, Jane, and William A. Shelley, "A Family History of Honeywell's Large-Scale Computer Systems," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 4, 1997, pp. 42-46.
  • Knuth, Donald E., "Von Neumann's First Computer Program," Computer Surveys, vol. 2, 1970, pp. 247-60.
  • Kobayashi, Koji, Computers and Communications: A Vision of C&C (1986).
  • Krueger, Alan B., "How Computers have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-1989," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 108, February 1993, pp. 33-60.

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  • Landauer, Thomas K., The Trouble With Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and Productivity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995).
  • Lee, John A.N., "The Rise and Fall of the General Electric Corporation Computer Department," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing vol. 17, no. 4, 1995, pp. 24-45.
  • Lee, John A.N., "'Those Who Forget the Lessons of History are Doomed to Repeat It' or, Why I Study the History of Computing," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 2, summer 1996, pp. 54-62.
  • Lee, John A.N., Computer Pioneers (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1994).
  • Lessing, Lawrence, "Change and Choices: intorduction to 'on the social role of computer comm.'". Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no.12, Dec. 1999, pp. 2127-2129.
  • Levy, Steven, "The Computer," Newsweek Special Issue, Winter 97-98, p. 28.
  • Loveday, Evelyn, "George Stibitz and the Bell Labs Relay Computers," Datamat, September 1977, pp. 80-85.
  • Luebke, David Martin, and Sybil Milton, "Locating the Victim: An Overview of Census-Taking, Tabulation Technology, and Persecution in Nazi Germany," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 3, September 1994, pp. 25-39.

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  • MacKenzie, Dana, "Microsoft Researches its Future," Science, 279, February 27, 1998, pp. 1294-1296.
  • Mainzer, Klaus, Computer-Neue Flugel des Geistes?: Die Evolution Computergestutzter Technik, Wissenschaft, Kultur, und Philosophie (Berlin/New York: W. deGruyter, 1994).
  • Marco, Giuseppe De, Giovanni Mainetto, Serena Pisani, and Pasquale Savino, "The Early Computers of Italy," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 21, no. 4. pp. 28-36.
  • Mazor, Stanley, "The History of the Microcomputer - Invention and Evolution," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 83, no. 12, December 1995, pp. 1601-1605.
  • McCartney, Scott, ENIAC: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer (Walker and Company, New York, 1999).
  • Metcalfe, Bob, Packet Communication (San Jose, CA: Peer-to-Peer Communications, 1996).
  • Mindell, David A., "Datum for its own annhilation: feedback, control, and computing, 1916-1945," Dissertation Abstracts International, 57, 1997, pp. 3217-A.
  • Morton, David, "The Electric Century: computers in everything - from the pushbotton factory to the Y2K bug," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87 no. 12, Dec. 1999, pp. 2143-2145.
  • Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre-E., "French Computer Manufacturers and the Component Industry, 1952-1972," History and Technology, vol. 11, no. 2, 1994, pp. 195-216.
  • Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre-E., "Un Exportateur Dynamique Mais Vuln?rable: La Compagnie des Machines Bull (1948-1964)," Histoire, Economie st Soci?t?, 4, 1995, pp. 643-665.
  • Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre-E., "Sur L'Histoire de L'Informatique en France," Engineering Science and Education Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, February 1995, pp. 37-40.
  • Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre-E., "French Computer Manufacturers and their US Partners, 1950-1970," Business History Conference, 41st Annual Meeting (Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 17-19 March 1995).
  • Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre-E., "L'Informatique, 1794-1994," in C. Fontanon, M. Le Mo?l, and R. Saint-Paul, ed., Le Conservatoire national des Arts et M?tiers au coeur de Paris (Paris: CNAM et Ville de Paris, 1994), pp. 117-121.
  • Mulgan, G.J., Communication and Control: Networks and the New Economies of Communication (New York: The Guilford Press, 1991).
  • Murray, Charles J., The Superman, the story of Seymour Cray and the Technical Wizards Behind the Supercomputer (New York: Wiley and Sons, 1997, pp. 232).

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  • National Research Council, Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999).
  • Netravali, Arun N., "The Impact of Solid-State Electronics on Computing and Communications," Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, Autumn 1997, pp. 126-154.
  • Norberg, Arthur L., "Changing Computing: The Computing Community and DARPA," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 2, summer 1996, pp. 40-53.
  • Norberg, Arthur L., and Judy O'Neill, Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962--1986 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, 1996).
  • Northrup, Mary, American Computer Pioneers (Springfield, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1998).
  • Nyce, James M., and Paul Kahn, From Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine (Corpus Christie, TX: Academic Press, 1992).
  • Oldfield, Homer R. (Barney), King of the Seven Dwarfs: General Electric's Ambiguous Challenge to the Computer Industry (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996).
  • Oldfield, Homer R. (Barney), "General Electric Enters the Computer Business--Revisited," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 17, no. 4, 1995, pp. 46-55.

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  • Pantages, Angeline, "Computing's Early Years," Datamat, October 1967, pp. 60-65.
  • Pugh, Emerson W. and William Aspray, "Creating the Computer Industry," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 2, summer 1996, pp. 7-17.
  • Rabaey, Jan M., Robert Brodersen, Wanda Gass, and Takao Nishitani, "VLSI Design and Implementation Fuels the Signal-Processing Revolution," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, January 1998, pp. 22-37.
  • Randell, Brian, "The Origins of Computer Programming," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 4, Winter 1994, pp. 6-14.
  • Rao, T.R.N., and Subhash Kak, Computing in Ancient India (Lafayette, LA: Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Southwestern Lousiana, 1998, pp. 107).
  • Rawlins, Gregory J. E., Moths to the Flame (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1998, pp. 208).
  • Rawlins, Gregory J. E., Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997).
  • Reid, Robert, Architects of the Web: 1000 Days that Built the Future of Business (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1997).
  • Richtmyer, R.D., "The Post-War Computer Development," American Mathematics Monthly, vol. 72, 1965, pp. 8-14.
  • Rochlin, Gene I., Trapped in the Net: The Unanticipated Consequences of Computerization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997, pp. 276).
  • Rojas, Paul, Sixty Years of Computation: The Machines of KonradZuse (Berlin: Kanrad-Zuse-Zentrum fur Informationstechnik Berlin, 1996).
  • Rosen, Saul, "Electronic Computers: A Historical Survey," Computer Survey, vol. 1, 1969, pp. 7-36.
  • Ross, Ian M., "The Foundation of the Silicon Age," Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, Autumn 1997, pp. 3-14.
  • Rutland, David, Why Computers are Computers: The SWAC and the PC (Philomath, OR: Wren Publishers, 1995).

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  • Saxby, Stephen, The Age of Information: The Past Development and Future Significance of Computing and Communications (New York: New York University Press, 1990).
  • Saxenian, Annalee, Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994).
  • Schwarz, Frederic D., "Notes from the Field: Another First Computer," American Heritage of Invention & Technology, vol. 14, no. 4, Spring 1999, pp. 8-9.
  • Seidel, Robert W., "From Mare to Minerva: The Origins of scientific computing inthe AEC labs," Physics Today, vol. 49, no. 10, 1997, pp. 33-39.
  • Shapiro, Fred R., "The First Bug," Byte, vol. 19, no. 4, April 1994, p. 308.
  • Shasha, Dennis Elliott and Cathy Lazere, Out of Their Minds: The Creators of Computer Science (New York: Copernicus, 1995).
  • Shelburne, Brian J. and Christopher P. Burton, "Early Programs on the MAchester Mark I Prototype," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no. 3, July-September 1998, pp. 4-15.
  • Shurkin, Joel, Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from Mainframes to Microprocessors (New York: Norton, 1996).
  • Siewiorek, Daniel P. (with a prolog by M.J. Riezenman), "Architecture of Fault-Tolerant Computers: A Historical Perspective," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 79, no. 12, December 1991, pp. 1708-34.
  • Singmaster, David, Chronology of Computing (1994).
  • Small, James S., "Engineering, Technology and Design: The Post-Second World War Development of Electronic Analogue Computers," History and Technology, 11, 1994, pp. 33-48.
  • Speiser, Ambrose P., "IBM Research Laboratory Zurich: The Early Years," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 20, no. 1, 1998, pp. 15-28.
  • Spencer, Donald D., The Timetable of Computers (Second Edition): A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Computing (Ormond Beach, FL: Camelot Publishing Company, 1999 [2nd edition]).
  • Spencer, Donald D., Great Men and Women of Computing (Ormond Beach, FL: Camelot Publishing Company, 1996).
  • Spencer, Donald D., Dictionary of Computer Quotations (Ormond Beach, FL: Camelot Publishing Company, 1997).
  • Spencer, Donald D., The Timetable of Computers: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Computers (Ormond Beach, FL: Camelot Publishing Company, 1995).
  • Stibitz, George R., "The Relay Computer at Ball Labs," Datamat, April 1967, pp. 35-44; May 1967 pp. 45-49.
  • Stierhoff, George C. and Alfred G. Davis, "A History of the IBM Systems Journal," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 20:1, 1998, pp. 29-35.
  • Stork, David G., ed., Hal's Legacy: 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997).
  • Stout, Thomas M. and Theodore J. Williams, "Pioneering Work in the Field of Computer Process Control," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 17, no. 1, 1995, pp. 6-18.
  • Stumpf, Kevin, Domestic Commercial Computing Power Between 1950-1979 (Kitchener, Ont.: Unusual Systems, 1997).

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  • Todd, John, "John von Neumann and the National Accounting Machine," SIAM Review, vol. 16, 1974, pp. 526-30.
  • Tropp, Henry S., "The Efervescent years: A Retrospective," IEEE Spectrum, February 1974, pp. 70-79.
  • Tympas, Aristotle, Between the Mechanical Calculator and the Electronic Computer: The History of the Electrical Analyzer and the Historiography of Computing (M.S. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995).
  • University of Pennsylvania, Proceedings of the ENIAC 50th Anniversary Symposium (Section III): Conference on the History of Computing and Information Processing (16-18 May 1996, University of Pennsylvania, UNPUBLISHED! LIMITED DISTRIBUTION!).
  • Usselman, Steven, "Fostering a Capacity for Compromise: Business, Government, and the Stages of Innovation in American Computing," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 18, no. 2, summer 1996, pp. 30-39.
  • van den Ende, Jan, The Turn of the Tide: Computerization in Dutch society, 1900-1965 (Delft: Delft University Press, 1994).
  • van den Ende, Jan, "The Number Factory: Punched Card Machines at the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 3, September 1994, pp. 15-24.
  • van den Ende, Jan, "Tidal Calculations in the Netherlands, 1920-1960," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 14, no. 3, 1992, pp. 23-33.
  • van Heerden, P.J., "Computers of the Future," Proceedings of the IEEE, June 1998, pp. 1288-1289.
  • Van Neumann, John, "A Calculating Man," US News and World Report, August 17/24, 1998, 69-71.
  • van Oost, Ellen, Nieuwe Functies, Nieuwe Verschillen: Genderprocessen in de Constructie van de Nieuwe Automatisiringsfuncties, 1955-1970 (Delft: Eubron, 1994).
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